Module 3: Input & Output

In this module, we will learn how to show output on the screen using print() and take input from the user using input().

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3.1 The print() Function

The print() function displays messages or values on the screen.

Basic Print:

print("Hello Think IT Telugu!")

Printing Multiple Values:

You can print multiple values at once by separating them with commas (,). Python automatically adds a space between them.

name = "Sai"
age = 22
print("Name is:", name, "and Age is:", age)
# Output: Name is: Sai and Age is: 22

sep and end Parameters:

• sep (Separator): Defines what separates the printed values (default is a space " ").
• end: Defines what is printed at the end of the line (default is a new line \n).

# sep example
print("Python", "AI", "ML", sep=" - ")
# Output: Python - AI - ML

# end example
print("Think", end="")
print("IT", end="")
print("Telugu")
# Output: ThinkITTelugu (prints on the same line without spaces)

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3.2 The input() Function

The input() function lets the user type information into the program using the keyboard.

user_name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Welcome", user_name)

:::warning Important Note The input() function always saves the user's input as a String. If you want to take a number and perform calculations, you must convert it to an integer or float first. :::

# Taking integer inputs
number_1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
number_2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

total = number_1 + number_2
print("Total sum:", total)

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3.3 Formatting Output

There are different ways to display text combined with variables neatly.

Old Method (% Formatting):

name = "Sai"
score = 95
print("Hello %s, your score is %d" % (name, score))
# Output: Hello Sai, your score is 95

The .format() Method:

name = "Sai"
age = 22
print("My name is {} and I am {} years old".format(name, age))
# Output: My name is Sai and I am 22 years old

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3.4 f-Strings (Modern Formatting)

Introduced in Python 3.6, f-Strings (Formatted String Literals) are the easiest and fastest way to format text.

To write an f-string, add an f before the opening quotes and put variables inside curly braces { }.

name = "Sai Kumar"
age = 22
language = "Python"

# Using f-string
message = f"Hello, my name is {name}. I am {age} years old and learning {language}."
print(message)
# Output: Hello, my name is Sai Kumar. I am 22 years old and learning Python.

# You can also run simple math inside the braces
print(f"5 + 10 adds up to: {5 + 10}")
# Output: 5 + 10 adds up to: 15

:::tip Best Practice Always use f-Strings for formatting text in Python. It is the modern and clean way. :::